ArticleACS omega2026
Biochemo-Catalytic Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles with Antioxidant Properties from Alkali Black Liquor Derived from Steam-Exploded Oil Palm Trunk.
Article in ACS omega, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Alkali black liquor derived from oil palm trunk (OPT) serves as a recoverable source of technical lignin for conversion into functional materials. In this study, a biochemo-catalytic pathway was developed to convert steam-exploded alkali lignin recovered from this stream into antioxidant lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). The process was conducted at 60 °C and pH 4.5 in two synthesis stages. First, laccase was evaluated in sodium buffer with dosages ranging from 10 to 1000 POU/mg and reaction time from 30 to 90 min. The optimum condition (1000 POU/mg, 90 min) yielded the highest antioxidant activity. In the second stage, the optimum condition was combined with deep eutectic solvents (DESs), namely, lactic acid: betaine (LBDES) and lactic acid: choline chloride (LCDES). LBDES + laccase LNPs produced the highest activities (ABTS 3223.73 mg TE/g, DPPH 2300.94 mg TE/g, and TPC 921.61 mg GAE/g), exceeding those of LCDES + laccase LNPs by 27-108%. The resulting LNPs were uniform and colloidally stable with DLS indicating a mean size of 150.7 ± 48.7 nm and a ζ-potential of -35.4 mV. GPC confirmed the narrowest distribution. FTIR spectra revealed intensified O-H bands and distinct carbonyl peaks at 1704-1706 cm
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