Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42326511›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Bacterial topography of the respiratory tract, including pulmonary site-of-disease, in people with active tuberculosis: a case-control study.

Tinaye L Chiyaka, Suventha Moodley, Donald Simon, Jane A Shaw, Stephanus T Malherbe, Yonghua Li, Robin M Warren, Jose C Clemente, Leopoldo N Segal, Novel N Chegou and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tinaye L ChiyakaDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Suventha MoodleyDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Donald SimonDivision of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Jane A ShawDivision of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Stephanus T MalherbeDivision of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Yonghua LiDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Robin M WarrenDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Jose C ClementeDepartment of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Leopoldo N SegalDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Novel N ChegouDivision of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Grant TheronDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Charissa C MarshDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.

Funding

Pre- and post-treatment lung microbiota, metabolome and immune signatures at the site of disease in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosisR01AI136894 · NIAID · STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY · PI THERON, GRANT DE VOS · 2019 to 2023
$678k
Longitudinal microbiome-host interactions and clinical outcomes in drug-resistant tuberculosis patientsK43TW012302 · FIC · STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY · PI Charissa Camille Naidoo · 2022 to 2026
$447k
FIC NIH HHS K43 TW012302NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI136894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: No comprehensive characterization of the respiratory tract (RT) microbiota has been done in people with tuberculosis (TB), a leading global cause of death. Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done on upper RT (URT; oral-washes, naso- and oro-pharyngeal swabs, supraglottic fluid), sputum and lower RT [LRT; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and protected specimen brushings] specimens from HIV-negative people with Xpert MTB/RIF-confirmed TB (cases; n=17) and healthy controls (n=11). In addition to their diseased lobe, cases had their non-diseased lobe sampled. Results: The LRT had the lowest α-diversity and β-diversity differed compared to other respiratory compartments. In cases, Conclusion: Compared to healthy people, those with TB have a less diverse LRT microbiota, characterized by

Indexed as

microbiotarespiratory tractsite-of-diseasetuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID42326511
PMCPMC13278319

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.