Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42326410›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2026

Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.

Guangyu Ma, Leixi Peng, Lang Qin, Rui Cai, Xi Tan, Rui Gao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Guangyu Ma *Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Leixi Peng *Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Lang QinReproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Rui CaiReproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xi TanKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Rui GaoReproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human milk is a complex and dynamic biological fluid that provides essential nutrients and harbors a diverse, functional microbiota, playing a critical role in infant microbial colonization and early life development. The milk microbiota is derived from multiple maternal and environmental sources, including the maternal gut via the entero-mammary pathway, the mammary and skin microbiota, infant oral microbes through retrograde flow, and environmental exposures. Its composition is influenced by a range of factors, such as maternal metabolic and health status, diet, and antibiotic use, as well as delivery mode, lactation stage, infant characteristics, and geographic context. Human milk contributes to the establishment of oral, airway, and gut microbial communities by transferring key taxa such as

Indexed as

breastfeedingdietary modificationshuman milk microbiotainfant healthyinfant microbiotamaternal-infant microbial transferprebioticsprobiotics

Identifiers

PMID42326410
PMCPMC13278873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.