ArticleCureus2026
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in pediatric and adolescent populations is correlated with significant metabolic instability and an elevated risk of autoimmune and metabolic comorbidities, which can negatively impact long-term health outcomes. Notwithstanding the increasing prevalence of pediatric T1DM in Saudi Arabia, there is a paucity of region-specific evidence delineating the clinical profiles and associated comorbid conditions within this demographic. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and comorbidities among children and adolescents with T1DM.
methodsThis retrospective analysis was conducted from March 2020 to February 2023 at the Pediatrics Department of King Saud Hospital in Unaizah, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. The study included Saudi children aged two to 17 years diagnosed with T1DM. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data were extracted. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used, along with paired-samples t-tests to assess changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and chi-square tests to examine associations between variables.
resultsThis study included 407 children and adolescents with T1DM. There were 211 males (51.8%) and 196 females (48.2%). The mean age was 12.27±4.54 years, with a mean age at diagnosis of 7.92±3.94 years. Poor glycemic control at diagnosis (HbA1c ≥ 9%) was observed in 288/370 patients (77.8%), which decreased to 222/375 patients (59.2%) at final follow-up, with a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.83%. A family history of T1DM was noted in 50/131 patients (38.2%), and type 2 diabetes in 83/121 patients (68.6%). The prevalence of poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥9%) differed significantly across age groups, with higher rates observed among adolescents aged 10-15 years (67.6%) and ≥15 years (64.9%) compared with children aged <10 years (36.3%) (p<0.001).
conclusionChildren and adolescents with T1DM were found to have poor glycemic control and a high rate of autoimmune and metabolic comorbidities, particularly thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and vitamin D deficiency. These findings highlight the need for systematic screening and comprehensive clinical monitoring in pediatric populations with T1DM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.