ArticleCureus2026
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionPediatric urolithiasis is increasing globally, with metabolic and environmental factors contributing to recurrence despite advances in minimally invasive surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is now the preferred treatment for large or complex stones in children, yet long-term data on metabolic predictors of recurrence remain limited.
objectiveThis study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and recurrence predictors following PCNL in pediatric patients at a tertiary center in northern India. STUDY
designA retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 children (≤14 years) who underwent PCNL between January 2021 and May 2023. Preoperative demographic, biochemical, and radiological parameters were recorded. Stone burden was assessed using CT urography or NCCT (non-contrast computed tomography) and graded by Guy's Stone Score (GSS). Standard or mini-PCNL techniques were selected based on stone characteristics. Postoperative biochemical changes, stone composition, outcomes, and recurrence over two years were evaluated.
resultsThe mean age was 8.8 ± 3.4 years (range 1-14), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. GSS Grade 2 stones predominated (59.3%), with a mean size of 1.9 ± 0.6 cm. Complete clearance was achieved in all patients, with a mean hospital stay of 3 ± 1 days. Hemoglobin decreased by 0.81 g/dL (p = 0.016), while creatinine remained unchanged. No major complications occurred; minor Clavien-Dindo I-II events were seen in 44.4%. Calcium oxalate stones accounted for 66.7%. At a mean follow-up of 37.5 months, recurrence occurred in 22.2%, mainly in children with acidic urine and low specific gravity. Multivariate analysis revealed no independent predictors, although urine pH and specific gravity showed predictive trends.
conclusionPCNL demonstrated favorable stone clearance with acceptable morbidity in this cohort. Recurrence appeared to be influenced by hydration and metabolic factors, although conclusions are exploratory due to the small sample size.
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