ArticleCureus2026
Prevalence and Predictors of Bone and Ocular Complications in Children With Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pediatric bone health in nephrotic syndrome: beyond glucocorticoid exposure and DXA-derived Z-scores.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study is to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and ocular complications in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy and to identify factors associated with these complications. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center over 18 months. Children aged 1-18 years with SSNS who had received corticosteroids for more than six months were enrolled. Clinical details, including cumulative steroid dose and duration of therapy, were recorded. All participants underwent ophthalmologic evaluation, biochemical assessment, and lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to determine BMD Z-scores. Associations between steroid exposure and bone and ocular outcomes were analyzed. Results Fifty children were included, 66% were boys, and the mean age was 6.08 ± 2.84 years. Osteopenia was found in 25 children (50%), and osteoporosis in nine (6%). Longer steroid duration was significantly associated with lower BMD (p = 0.025). Children with osteoporosis had significantly higher parathormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001). Ocular complications were identified in nine children (18%), most commonly refractive errors (16%). Refractive errors were significantly associated with longer steroid duration (p = 0.013) and higher cumulative steroid dose (p = 0.012). Posterior subcapsular cataract and raised intraocular pressure were observed in one child each. Conclusion Prolonged corticosteroid therapy in children with SSNS is associated with reduced BMD and ocular complications. Regular monitoring of bone health, vitamin D status, and ophthalmologic evaluation should be part of long-term care.
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