ArticleJournal of surgical case reports2026
Primary umbilical endometriosis masquerading as strangulated umbilical hernia: a diagnostic pitfall.
Article in Journal of surgical case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary umbilical endometriosis (Villar's nodule) is a rare entity, representing 0.5%-1% of all endometriosis cases. We report a 37-year-old multiparous woman presenting with a 7-day history of umbilical pain, swelling, and constipation. Examination revealed a 2 × 2 cm hyperpigmented, firm, and tender umbilical nodule. The patient described cyclic umbilical pain over 5 months associated with an irregular menstrual cycle. Trans-abdominal ultrasound suggested an incarcerated umbilical hernia, leading to emergency surgery. Intraoperatively, a small hernial defect containing extraperitoneal fat and a separate subcutaneous nodule were identified without strangulation. Excisional biopsy of the nodule with primary hernia repair was performed. Histopathology demonstrated endometrial glands and stroma within fibroconnective tissue, confirming primary umbilical endometriosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic at 4-month follow-up. This case highlights diagnostic difficulty when umbilical endometriosis presents as a surgical emergency and emphasizes the importance of surgical excision with histopathological confirmation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.