Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42325723›Full record

ArticleF&S reports2026

Catheter contamination during embryo transfer: impact on outcomes of in vitro fertilization.

Asma Boughanmi, Manel Hamdoun, Marouen Braham, Khadija Kacem Berjeb, Sana Chtourou, Mounir Ben Mefteh, Anis Fadhlaoui, Nozha Chakroun, Moez Kdous, Olfa Bahri

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Article in F&S reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Asma BoughanmiMicrobiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Manel HamdounMicrobiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Marouen BrahamResearch laboratory LR16SP01, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
Khadija Kacem BerjebResearch laboratory LR16SP01, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
Sana ChtourouResearch laboratory LR16SP01, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
Mounir Ben MeftehGynecology-Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Department, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Anis FadhlaouiGynecology-Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Department, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Nozha ChakrounResearch laboratory LR16SP01, Aziza Othmana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
Moez KdousGynecology-Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Department, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Olfa BahriMicrobiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Aziza Othmana Hospital, University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of embryo transfer catheter contamination on in vitro fertilization outcomes. Design: Prospective analytical observational study conducted over a period of 2 years and 9 months (from January 2021 to September 2023). Subjects: Women aged ≤42 years with a sonographically normal uterus, undergoing fresh or frozen embryo transfer with good-quality embryos. Exposure: Microbial contamination of the embryo transfer catheter was assessed by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Vaginal and cervical samples were also analyzed by culture. Main Outcome Measures: Embryo transfer catheter contamination rate and its association with in vitro fertilization outcomes (pregnancy and live birth rates). Results: A total of 210 patients were included, 50% of whom underwent fresh embryo transfer. The rates of pregnancy and live birth were 29% and 17.5%, respectively. Culture-based analysis showed that 33.8% of catheters were contaminated with cervicovaginal microorganisms other than lactobacilli; this contamination rate was 3 times higher in fresh transfers. Positive catheter cultures were associated with significantly lower pregnancy and live birth rates (8.5% vs. 39.6% and 4.2% vs. 24.4%, respectively). The main bacterial species isolated were Conclusion: Catheter contamination, particularly by cultivable microorganisms other than

Indexed as

Catheterimplantationinvitro fertilizationlive birth ratevaginal microbiota

Identifiers

PMID42325723
PMCPMC13282518

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