ArticleBiomaterial investigations in dentistry2026
Influence of repetitive diamond bur use on the trueness and surface roughness of subtractively manufactured PICN restorations.
Article in Biomaterial investigations in dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Progressive diamond bur degradation during the subtractive manufacturing (SM) of polymer-infiltrated ceramic networks (PICNs) compromises restorative clinical quality. To evaluate the degradation extent across two SM systems and investigate its effects on the trueness and surface roughness of PICN crowns. Materials and Methods: A total of 121 premolar crowns were fabricated from PICN blocks (Vita Enamic) using two SM machines (PrograMill PM7 and inLab MC X5). Crown trueness was quantified by superimposing crown scans onto the original digital design using three-dimensional inspection software (Geomagic Control X) and reported as the root-mean-square (RMS) ± standard deviation (µm). Surface roughness (Ra, Sa, Sq) was measured using confocal microscopy. Bur degradation was assessed after every five crown fabrications using machine-reported lifespan, surface roughness, and color deviation maps. Diamond bur tips, before and after use, were examined using scanning electron microscopy to characterize wear patterns. Statistical comparisons were performed both between and within machines using Welch's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) ( Results: Significant differences were observed in regional trueness ( Conclusions: The rate and extent of bur degradation varied by systems, causing distinct impacts on crown quality. Degradation in the PM7 predominantly resulted in adverse over-milling errors, whereas the MC X5 was more likely to cause inadequate material removal. System-specific degradation mechanisms substantially affect the ultimate quality of restorations. Surface roughness initially decreased in both SM systems; however, the systems followed divergent late-stage trajectories - one maintained a downward trend while the other exhibited a U-shaped recovery.
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