ArticlePain research & management2026
High-Dose Tramadol Enhances the Proliferative and Invasive Potential of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice Through Microenvironmental Alteration.
Article in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- High-Dose Tramadol Enhances the Proliferative and Invasive Potential of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Mice Through Microenvironmental Alteration.Pain research & management · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
purposeOpioids are known to have various effects on cancer depending on the type and dose. Tramadol, a weak opioid used for mild cancer pain, exhibits antitumor effects, whereas strong opioids demonstrate protumor effects. We previously reported that 10 mg/kg/day of tramadol (low dose) improves cancer pain and exerts antitumor effects in mice with pancreatic cancer. However, the effects of high-dose tramadol on pancreatic cancer remain unknown. Therefore, the effect of high-dose tramadol on pancreatic cancer was investigated in mice using the pancreatic cancer model mouse KPPC (LSL - Kras
methodsHigh-dose tramadol (50 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to 6-week-old KPPC mice bearing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma until a humane endpoint (n = 10). Cancer-related pain was assessed using the mouse grimace scale, and tumor status was determined histopathologically. Plasma cytokine concentrations were assessed using a cytokine array. The effects of tramadol on the invasive potential of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines were investigated in vitro.
resultsHigh-dose tramadol improved mouse grimace scale scores but increased tumor size (1734.2 vs. 907.1 mm
conclusionThese results suggest that high-dose tramadol improves cancer-associated pain but enhances the tumor volume of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by decreasing anti-tumor CD8
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