Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42324873›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Scalable Manufacturing of Amino Acid-Based Piezoelectric Biocrystal Films.

Shuting Wang, Bijay Dhungana, Anirudh Reddy Bendaram, Jiajie Sui, Chenli Jia, Fnu Joshua, Craig Neal, Ruoxing Wang, Pengfei Chen, Fengdan Pan and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Shuting WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8395-9686
Bijay DhunganaAdvanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Anirudh Reddy BendaramDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Jiajie SuiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-1886
Chenli JiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Fnu JoshuaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Craig NealAdvanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-4229
Ruoxing WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Pengfei ChenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-3200
Fengdan PanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Sharar MuhtasimDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Joseph AndrewsDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-380X
Wenxiao PanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Lei ZhaiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Sudipta SealAdvanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Lih-Sheng TurngDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-9224
Xudong WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Funding

National Science Foundation 2328250Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glycine is a promising piezoelectric biocrystal owing to its excellent biocompatibility, strong piezoelectric response, and high crystallinity. Recent discovery of polymer-directed crystallization of glycine in an aqueous environment offers the feasibility for continuous manufacturing of this biocrystal film at the industry-relevant level. In this paper, we report continuous production of glycine-PVA piezoelectric biocrystal thin films by adapting a commercial polymer manufacturing apparatus with a uniform sandwiched microstructure. By tuning the feeding rate and solvent evaporation dynamics, a stable crystallization front is maintained, enabling continuous film growth over lengths of tens of centimeters, which largely matches a numerical kinetic model. The as-produced films exhibit sandwiched microstructure, with uniform thickness, grain size, and piezoelectric coefficient across the entire area. Fifty-six piezoelectric nanogenerator devices were fabricated on a single large-scale film, demonstrating the feasibility of high-throughput device production. This work establishes a stable and industrially viable strategy for the large-scale manufacturing of piezoelectric biocrystal films, offering significant potential for mass production of biocompatible piezoelectric devices.

Indexed as

amino acidscontinuous crystallizationglycine thin filmsmanufacturingpiezoelectric biocrystals

Identifiers

PMID42324873
PMCPMC13472288

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.