Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42324863›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Synthesis of a Butterfly-Shaped π-Extended Dibenzazepine and Its Application in Interfacial Engineering for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Yu-Huan Geng, Enlong Hou, Yao Lin, Jianhang Shi, Qing-Song Deng, Yu-Jue Qiu, Jiang-Feng Xing, Xin-Jing Zhao, Zhanhua Wei, Chengbo Tian and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yu-Huan GengState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Enlong HouXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yao LinState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Jianhang ShiState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Qing-Song DengState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Yu-Jue QiuState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Jiang-Feng XingState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
Xin-Jing ZhaoXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Zhanhua WeiXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-0293
Chengbo TianXiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University Xiamen, Fujian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8451-7829
Yuan-Zhi TanState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52472201National Natural Science Foundation of China 92061103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are key interfacial modifiers for inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs), yet their design is often constrained by a trade-off between suppressing molecular aggregation and maintaining efficient charge transport. Here we introduce a π-extended nonplanar molecular design to decouple interfacial morphology control from electronic coupling. Two tetracene-fused SAM molecules, tetraceno-fused carbazole phosphonic acid (PATCz) and tetraceno-fused dibenzazepine phosphonic acid (PATDBAz), were synthesized via dehydrocyclization. While PATCz forms a helicene-like twisted structure, PATDBAz adopts a butterfly-shaped nonplanar geometry that enables Butterfly-shaped π-extended "wings" to form effective intermolecular π-π stacking while preventing excessive aggregation. This structural feature promotes ordered interfacial assembly, improved energy-level alignment, and efficient hole transport. Consequently, PATDBAz-based IPSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.47% and retain 97.5% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h under International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability light-soaking level 1 (ISOS-L-1) conditions. This work highlights π-extended nonplanar frameworks as an effective strategy for designing high-performance SAMs in perovskite photovoltaics.

Indexed as

dibenzazepineinterface Engineeringnonplanarityself‐assembled monolayerπ‐extension

Identifiers

PMID42324863
PMCPMC13485028

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.