Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42324631›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

SimulScan and Partial Least Squares: Visualizing Swallowing Through Functional and Dynamic Imaging Correlations.

Bradley P Sutton, Anthony Bosshardt, Ching-Hsuan Peng, Ololade T Adetula, Jiyoon Kim, Riwei Jin, Vaishnavi Krishna, William G Pearson, Zhongming Liu, Georgia A Malandraki

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bradley P SuttonBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-0408
Anthony BosshardtBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Ching-Hsuan PengDepartment of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Ololade T AdetulaBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0080-5325
Jiyoon KimBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Riwei JinBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2982-1123
Vaishnavi KrishnaDepartment of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
William G PearsonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-8427
Zhongming LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-4204
Georgia A MalandrakiDepartment of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-7728

Funding

SimulScan: Simultaneous functional and dynamic MRI for evaluating swallowing across age and in neurogenic dysphagiaR01AG078513 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI Georgia Malandraki, Bradley P Sutton · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
3T MRI Scanner dedicated to Life Sciences ResearchS10OD012336 · OD · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI DYDAK, ULRIKE · 2015 to 2015
$2.0M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG078513NIH HHS R01AG078513NIH HHS S10 OD012336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSwallowing involves the precise coordination of muscles and brain areas and can be disrupted in a variety of neurological conditions. Current methods to visualize swallowing cannot examine both the biomechanics and brain activity associated with specific swallowing events. An updated version of a pulse sequence that simultaneously samples BOLD-based fMRI and dynamic imaging (called SimulScan) is introduced that provides higher quality and faster dynamic imaging, enabling data-driven analysis of swallowing function through a partial least squares (PLS) analysis.

methodsIntegrating updated dynamic imaging approaches, SimulScan achieved dynamic MRI at 23.75 frames per second with a 30 cm field of view with BOLD fMRI at a 1.6 s TR. Five subjects were scanned with SimulScan twice and with videofluoroscopy to compare the preliminary reliability of measuring swallowing biomechanics using computational analysis of swallowing mechanics (CASM) and the test-retest relationship in correlated functional and dynamic components of PLS.

resultsHigh reliability of biomechanical measures of swallowing was achieved across the two SimulScan runs with CASM (r = 0.891; p < 0.0001) and between SimulScan and videofluoroscopy (r = 0.686; p < 0.0001). Correlations between dynamic and functional imaging across runs also showed high reliability (mean correlation of first 3 latent variable timeseries was 0.49 (p < 0.001) within a run and 0.17 (p < 0.001) across runs), indicating that SimulScan with PLS can extract reliable maps of linked correlations between the brain and the oropharyngeal dynamics.

conclusionThe updated SimulScan with PLS analysis enables the study of central control of swallowing, providing simultaneous biomechanical visualization of the swallow along with brain functional signals.

Indexed as

DeglutitionImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdultAlgorithmsBiomechanical PhenomenaBrainFemaleFluoroscopyHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedLeast-Squares AnalysisMaleReproducibility of Resultsdynamic MRIfunctional analysisfunctional MRIswallowing

Identifiers

PMID42324631
PMCPMC13419336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.