ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Phenotypic detection of ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from retail fresh vegetables in Iwo, Nigeria.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Vegetables harboring antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a growing concern in food safety. However, data concerning extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in fresh vegetables are still rare. In this study, 50 vegetable samples from six different locations in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria, were screened for the β-lactamase group. Freshly purchased vegetables: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Onion (Allium cepa), Garden egg (Solanum melongena), and Carrot (Daucus carota) were aseptically cut into pieces and pre-incubated in Minimum Recovery Diluent (MRD) for 6 h. Afterwards, streaking was done on sterile Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The bacterial isolates obtained were biochemically characterized. The antibiotic susceptibility and beta-lactamase production profile for each isolated strain were determined phenotypically by preparing a 0.5 McFarland bacterial suspension and plating it on Mueller-Hinton agar. Commercially prepared antibiotic discs were used for susceptibility testing, and Mastdisc Combi test kits were used specifically to screen for beta-lactamase production. Forty-six enteric bacterial isolates consisting of Escherichia coli (11%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (52%), K. oxytoca (15%), and Klebsiella aerogenes (22%) were obtained; all were 100% resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotics used, and showed varied phenotypic multi-drug resistant (MDR) and beta-lactamase profiles. The presence of these MDR and beta-lactamase-producing attributes in these organisms may pose potential health risks to consumers of these vegetables.
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