ArticleScientific reports2026
NLRP3 inflammasome characterization in first-trimester, preterm, and term human villous placenta.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Precise regulation of inflammatory signaling at the maternal-fetal interface is essential for a healthy pregnancy, yet how the NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in the placenta during pregnancy and in preterm birth remains poorly understood. We characterized NLRP3 inflammasome-associated signaling in human villous placental tissue from first-trimester (8-11 weeks), preterm (28-<37 weeks), and term (38-40 weeks) pregnancies. Gene expression, protein abundance, caspase-1 processing, and tissue cytokine concentrations were assessed using qPCR, western blot, and ELISA, alongside analysis of upstream inflammatory pathways. Distinct patterns were observed at multiple molecular levels. First-trimester placentas showed the highest cytokine concentrations and NLRP3 protein abundance despite low transcript levels. Preterm placentas formed a separate transcriptional cluster and exhibited accumulation of inflammasome precursors, including pro-caspase-1 and full-length gasdermin D, without corresponding caspase-1 activation. Term placentas displayed increased transcriptional activity but reduced protein abundance and IL-1β levels. These findings demonstrate that the villous placenta exhibits distinct inflammasome profiles in first-trimester, preterm, and term pregnancies, with first-trimester placentas showing high cytokine concentrations, and both preterm and term placentas displaying a state of transcriptional priming without proportional downstream activation - consistent with a 'primed but restrained' inflammasome phenotype in later gestation.
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