Resilient fractional order sliding mode control for islanded microgrids under cyber-physical attacks.

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in power system applications, such as Load Frequency Control (LFC), increases the vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Among these, False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) targeting sensor-controller or controller-actuator signals can destabilize systems with varying loads and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) to ensure frequency stability and resilience in an islanded system under controller-actuator FDIA and external disturbances. An observer is incorporated to estimate system states and detect FDIA signals, with its parameters obtained via Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques. A fractional order sliding surface is designed to enhance robustness, and system stability is analyzed using the Lyapunov method. The proposed controller is validated through a Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) OPAL-RT setup. Experimental results confirm that the resilient controller maintains stability under different FDIA scenarios and outperforms existing methods in dynamic response.