ArticleScientific reports2026
RUL-DBRS: A Novel Energy Efficient and Robust Protocol for Enhanced Communication in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Underwater exploration is vital for understanding marine life and accessing natural resources, yet only a small fraction of the underwater world has been studied due to communication challenges. Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) enable data collection through distributed sensor nodes, but existing routing protocols face critical issues including high energy consumption, frequent node failures, packet losses, long delays, and poor throughput. To address these limitations, we propose Robust Uneven Load Balancing-Direction Aware Best Route Selection (RUL-DBRS), a novel energy-efficient routing protocol for UWSNs. RUL-DBRS employs uneven load balancing based on the average residual energy of available paths, reducing dead nodes, lowering end-to-end delay, and enhancing throughput. By combining direction-aware routing with adaptive load distribution, the protocol minimizes congestion and packet losses, leading to more reliable communication. Simulation results demonstrate that on average RUL-DBRS reduces the packet loss rate by 20%, minimizes end-to-end delay by 40 s, enhances nodes' life network by 5%, improves throughput by 20%, and consumes 29% lesser energy in comparison with E
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.