Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42322219›Full record

ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.)2026

Genome-wide SNP-based genomic diversity and population structure analysis in alpaca populations from Europe and Peru.

Kirsty Tan, Olusegun Olaniyi Adeniyi, Anna Letko, Eberhard Manz, Henrik Werner Wagner, Patrik Zanolari, Manuel More, Gustavo A Gutierrez-Reynoso, Cord Drögemüller, Gesine Lühken

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kirsty TanInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0923-1924
Olusegun Olaniyi AdeniyiInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6726-1262
Anna LetkoInstitute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6521-1285
Eberhard ManzGeneratio GmbH, Heidelberg 69115, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1445-0486
Henrik Werner WagnerAnimal Clinic for Reproduction and Neonatology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8262-3751
Patrik ZanolariClinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9549-2487
Manuel MoreUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Zootecnia, Lima 15024, Peru.ORCID 0000-0001-8677-993X
Gustavo A Gutierrez-ReynosoUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Zootecnia, Lima 15024, Peru.ORCID 0000-0002-1896-0048
Cord DrögemüllerInstitute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9773-522X
Gesine LühkenInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2032-0840

Funding

Verein zur Förderung der Forschung im Gesundheitssektor von Lamas und Alpakas e.V.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of alpacas in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (German-speaking regions, GSR) and to compare with that of the country of origin of the species (Peru). A total of 179 animals from GSR and 151 from Peru were genotyped with a species-specific 76k SNP array. The observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.305 and 0.311 for GSR and 0.310 and 0.312 for Peru. The mean FROH values were 0.029 for GSR and 0.023 for Peru. In general, results show that breeders in both analyzed regions efficiently maintain genetic diversity. Principal component analysis identified the GSR and Peru populations as separate from each other, but the relative proximity of both clusters indicates the shared genetic heritage. FST and XPEHH methods identified genomic regions under selection for traits such as coat color and adaptation. Genome-wide association studies comparing black and brown with white or gray alpacas identified associated genome regions containing the ASIP and KIT genes, respectively. The association of a recently identified keratin locus on chromosome 16 with differences in fleece type in alpacas was confirmed, while the putative causality of a TRPV3 variant was rejected.

Indexed as

Camelids, New WorldGenetics, PopulationGenetic VariationGenomeGenomicsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAnimalsEuropeGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypePeruPrincipal Component Analysiscoat colorgenetic diversitypopulation structureprincipal component analysisruns of homozygositySouth American camelids

Identifiers

PMID42322219
PMCPMC13535496

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.