Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42321750›Full record

SynthesisBMC medical education2026

Exploring the impact of immersive reality for enhancing clinical training in dental education: a systematic review.

Muhammad Ruslin, Endang Sjamsudin, Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah, Carolina Stevanie, Sri Hastuti Kurniawan, Muh Anshar, Paolo Boffano, Tymour Forouzanfar, Cortino Sukotjo

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad RuslinDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, KM 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. mruslin@unhas.ac.id.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0943-4000
Endang SjamsudinDepartment Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9669-6465
Olivia Avriyanti HanafiahDepartment Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-1738
Carolina StevanieDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, KM 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-1243
Sri Hastuti KurniawanDepartment of Computational Media, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-5800
Muh AnsharDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-5257
Paolo BoffanoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, KM 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-9933
Tymour ForouzanfarDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-8533
Cortino SukotjoDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-004X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe acquisition of advanced dental skills typically necessitates extensive practical training. Currently, immersive reality (IR) represents an innovative approach that combines the physical and virtual worlds, providing an optimal learning experience for students. Despite the potential significance of immersive reality (IR) technology in dental education, the impact remains under-studied. This systematic review aimed to provide a thorough review of the benefits of IR technology in dental education.

methodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases covering the years 2014 to 2025. The studies selected for inclusion focused on the effects and benefits of using immersive reality technology in dental training, comparing it to traditional dental training methods. Two independent researchers reviewed the selected studies, concentrating on aspects such as training duration, procedural time and errors, and the enhancement of knowledge and skills.

results13 studies were included. The main findings indicated that IR technology in dental education reduced procedural time and shortened training durations, decreasing errors while contributing to knowledge and skills development. Overall, these findings collectively provide strong evidence of the benefits of IR technology in dental education.

conclusionsIntegrating immersive reality into dental education offers a beneficial approach to support student engagement and skill development for future clinical practice.

trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42024617799.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceEducation, DentalVirtual RealityHumansCompetency-based educationComputer simulationDentalEducationSimulation trainingVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID42321750
PMCPMC13528129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.