Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42321612›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026

Adherence to the dietary index for gut microbiota and the 5-year incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Iranian adults: a prospective cohort study.

Ali Nikparast, Matin Sepehrinia, Nazanin Zamanian, Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz, Ali Tabatabaeyan, Saeid Hadi, Reza Homayounfar

Abstract read
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Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ali NikparastStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Matin SepehriniaNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 19395- 4741, Tehran, Iran.
Nazanin ZamanianStudents' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Jalaledin Mirzay RazazNutrition and Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ali TabatabaeyanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Saeid HadiNutrition and Food Health Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. s.hadinu@yahoo.com.
Reza HomayounfarNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. 19395- 4741, Tehran, Iran. r_homayounfar@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiet is a key modulator of gut microbiota and may influence the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) has been proposed to capture the overall capacity of diet to promote a favorable gut microbial profile. Prospective evidence linking DI-GM to MASLD risk remains limited.

methodsThis prospective analysis included 5,058 adults without MASLD at baseline from the Monitoring of Metabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Tehran (MMRT) study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire. The five-year incidence of MASLD was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models, and associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess potential effect modification. Sensitivity analyses examined the robustness of results after excluding participants with substantial weight gain and after additional adjustment for metabolic and dietary factors. Mediation analyses were performed to explore potential pathways underlying the observed associations.

resultsOver five years of follow-up, 562 participants developed MASLD. Higher DI-GM scores were associated with a lower likelihood of incident MASLD. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the highest quartile of DI-GM had 42% lower odds of MASLD compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR:0.58; 95%CI:0.42-0.80; P-trend < 0.01). Each one-standard-deviation increment in DI-GM score was associated with reduced odds of MASLD (OR:0.72; 95%CI:0.65-0.81;P-value < 0.001). The inverse association was more pronounced among women and participants aged ≥ 45 years (P-interaction < 0.01). Mediation analyses suggested that CAP, HOMA-IR, and serum vitamin D partially explained the association.

conclusionsGreater adherence to a diet supportive of gut microbiota, as reflected by higher DI-GM scores, was associated with a lower five-year risk of MASLD. These findings highlight the potential role of microbiota-related dietary patterns in MASLD prevention.

Indexed as

DietFatty LiverGastrointestinal MicrobiomeNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceIranLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsDietary patternsGut-liver axisGut microbiomeHepatic steatosisNutrition

Identifiers

PMID42321612
PMCPMC13528170

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