ArticleScientific reports2026
Tool life and surface quality in GTD-450 milling under dry, MQL, and nanofluid-MQL strategies.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The machining of iron-nickel-based alloys, such as GTD-450, presents substantial tribological challenges arising from their high-temperature strength and low thermal conductivity. These material characteristics induce rapid tool wear and compromised surface integrity across a range of manufacturing operations. Consequently, improving the machinability of GTD-450 constitutes a critical research imperative, particularly given the limited literature on this alloy despite its widespread industrial applications. These applications span power generation-including steam and gas turbine components such as compressor blades-as well as aerospace and industrial machinery sectors, where GTD-450 is employed in landing gear, high-pressure valves, and pump shafts. One approach to addressing these challenges involves selecting appropriate lubrication strategies, lubricant types, and associated parameters-namely, flow rate, additive components (including reinforcing nanoparticles), and surfactants. To enhance the machinability of GTD-450, the present study systematically investigates and compares the performance of five distinct lubrication-cooling strategies: dry machining, water-immersion cooling, conventional minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), MQL enriched with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, and MQL enriched with ZnO nanoparticles. The primary response variables are tool flank wear (VB) and workpiece surface roughness (R
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