Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42321449›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026

Risk Factors and Complication Rates of Inpatient Genioplasty Procedures in the U.S. Healthcare System: A 22-Year Retrospective Multi-center Analysis.

Leonard Knoedler, Robert Munzinger, Benedikt Geldner, Tobias Niederegger, Emre Karakas, Simon Bigus, Alexandre G Lellouch, Jakob Fenske, Jan O Voss

Erratum issuedAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Leonard Knoedler *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. leonard.knoedler@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-4279-5669
Robert Munzinger *Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Benedikt GeldnerDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Tobias NiedereggerMedical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Emre KarakasMedical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Simon BigusDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Alexandre G LellouchDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Jakob FenskeDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Jan O VossDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNationwide U.S. data describing inpatient genioplasty outcomes are limited, particularly regarding complication prevalence and predictors. Leveraging HCUP-NIS, this study characterized inpatient complication patterns by procedural approach, age, and socioeconomic markers.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective HCUP‑NIS analysis (2000-2022) of inpatient genioplasty admissions, evaluating demographic, socioeconomic, procedural (osseous vs. non‑osseous), hospitalization (length of stay, charges, discharge), and inpatient‑coded complication variables, with subgroup comparisons by age, income quartile, and procedure type. Stratified univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent correlates of inpatient-coded complications.

resultsThe cohort included 485 inpatient genioplasty admissions (mean age 31.8 years; 53.4% female), predominantly privately insured and residing in higher income quartiles. Complications occurred in 10.3% (n = 50), and were higher in older vs. younger patients (14.8% vs. 5.8%; p = 0.002). Osseous genioplasty comprised 63.5% of admissions and showed longer hospitalization, higher charges and higher complication rates versus non-osseous procedures (12.7% vs. 6.2%; p = 0.04). Non‑elective admission, length of stay, and primary payer were independent predictors of complications in the osseous subgroup, whereas in the non‑osseous subgroup, length of stay was the only independent predictor (p < 0.0001).

conclusionIn a nationwide analysis of 485 inpatient genioplasty admissions, complications occurred in ~ 10% of patients, concentrated among older, more comorbid individuals. Prolonged length of stay was the most consistent correlate of complications across techniques, while non-elective admissions increased complication risk and resource use in the osseous subgroup. Lower-income patients experienced longer hospitalizations despite similar complication rates, highlighting persistent socioeconomic disparities. Future, larger-scale prospective trials are warranted to confirm our findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: Prognostic study. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

GenioplastyPostoperative ComplicationsAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHospitalizationHumansInpatientsLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesAesthetic surgeryFacial surgeryGenioplastyHCUP-NISSurgical complicationsSurgical outcomes

Identifiers

PMID42321449
PMCPMC13529613

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.