Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42321220›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Fully-connected microwave photonic multi-beamformer with fast beam-steering for broadband wireless communication.

Ziheng Ni, Liangjun Lu, Kai Fu, Haowei Zhang, Tianxiang Wang, Chao Wang, Huashan Yang, Wen Tong, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ziheng NiState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Liangjun LuState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. luliangjun@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-5103
Kai FuState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Haowei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Tianxiang WangWireless Technology Laboratory, Centre Research Institute, Huawei Technologies Company, Ltd., Chengdu, China.
Chao WangWireless Technology Laboratory, Centre Research Institute, Huawei Technologies Company, Ltd., Chengdu, China.
Huashan YangWireless Technology Laboratory, Centre Research Institute, Huawei Technologies Company, Ltd., Chengdu, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-3951-9049
Wen TongCanada Research Center, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Jianping ChenState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Linjie ZhouState Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. ljzhou@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-2959

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Beamforming technology featuring broad bandwidth, fast beam switching speed and multi-user access capability plays a pivotal role in the next-generation wireless communication systems. Here, we report a fully-connected broadband microwave photonic multi-beamforming architecture based on silicon optical true-time delay lines (OTTDLs). Unlike conventional partially-connected schemes, the fully-connected network allows each radio frequency beam to be synthesized by all antenna elements, enhancing beamforming gain and multi-beam scalability. Experimental measurements demonstrate squint-free beam steering across 13 directions with deflection angles exceeding ±50.0° and a fast beam reconfiguration speed of 60 ns. Compared with partially-connected schemes, our architecture achieves stronger received signals, delivering a 2.9 dB gain at 13.1 GHz for an identical 8-element antenna array. A 64-QAM downlink signal with 400 MHz bandwidth achieves an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 7.6% over 20-m outdoor wireless transmission. These results provide a scalable solution for broadband microwave photonic multi-beamforming and support future 5 G and 6 G wireless networks.

Identifiers

PMID42321220
PMCPMC13434567

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.