Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42321181›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

In situ graphene-seq: spatial transcriptomics and chronic electrophysiological characterization of tissue microenvironments.

Jaeyong Lee, Wenbo Wang, Qiang Li, Zuwan Lin, Ren Liu, Zefang Tang, Junya Aoyama, Richard T Lee, Xiao Wang, Jia Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jaeyong Lee *John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1017-0554
Wenbo Wang *John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-2542
Qiang LiJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Zuwan LinJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5786-9768
Ren LiuJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Zefang TangBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-9560
Junya AoyamaDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Richard T LeeDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-1381
Xiao WangBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-9894
Jia LiuJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. jia_liu@seas.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-6982

Funding

Charting human islet maturation via combined soft nanoelectronics and single-cell spatial transcriptomicsDP1DK130673 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI LIU, JIA · 2021 to 2025
$4.3M
"Building a robust organoid platform to study the developmental potential and physiology of human specific cortical cell types"RF1MH123948 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI LIU, JIA, RAMANATHAN, SHARAD · 2020 to 2020
$1.8M
SCH: Al-driven Flexible Electronics for Cardiac Organoid MaturationR01LM014465 · NLM · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI Jie Ding, Na Li · 2023 to 2026
$1.1M
Flexible bioelectronics platform converging capillary-like delivery network and sensing feedback network for improving cardiac tissue engineeringR33HL175683 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST · PI YAO, JUN · 2024 to 2025
$959k
National Science Foundation (NSF) ECCS-2038603NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL175683NIDDK NIH HHS DP1 DK130673NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123948NLM NIH HHS R01 LM014465U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 1RF1MH123948U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 1R33HL175683U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases) 1DP1DK130673U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) 5R01LM014465
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological systems comprise diverse, interconnected cell types whose functional dynamics and molecular identities are tightly coupled, yet difficult to capture simultaneously at high spatiotemporal resolution. Electrophysiology provides real-time measurements of cellular activity but with limited molecular context, whereas transcriptomics profiles gene expression without dynamic physiological readouts. Here, we introduce in situ graphene-sequencing, a platform that integrates chronic electrophysiology with imaging-based, spatially resolved transcriptomics (STARmap). The system combines stretchable mesh nanoelectronics for long-term, single-cell-level interfacing with transparent graphene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate electrodes, enabling seamless integration of electrical recording and optical imaging. By coupling electrophysiology with STARmap, the platform enables multimodal analysis of heterogeneous tissue microenvironments. We demonstrate in situ graphene-sequencing by charting multimodal profiles of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell co-cultures, examining how spatial heterogeneity is associated with electrophysiological activity and gene expression. This approach provides an integrative framework for studying how tissue microenvironments shape cell behavior and molecular states.

Indexed as

Cellular MicroenvironmentElectrophysiological PhenomenaGraphiteTranscriptomeCoculture TechniquesElectrodesEndothelial CellsHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMyocytes, CardiacPolystyrenesSingle-Cell AnalysisSpatial TranscriptomicsGraphitePolystyrenes

Identifiers

PMID42321181
PMCPMC13473619

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.