SynthesisBMJ paediatrics open2026
Identification of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) codes most frequently used to describe functioning in children: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectivesTo identify and synthesise the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories most used to describe child functioning across health conditions, informing inclusive, context-sensitive assessments and policy frameworks.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched from inception to September 2024 following Cochrane guidelines. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Peer-reviewed studies using ICF categories to assess functioning in children (0-18 years), regardless of health condition, were included. Eligible designs comprised randomised controlled trials, observational and qualitative studies reporting ICF Core Set (CS). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018). ICF codes were categorised by domain and synthesised narratively.
resultsEight studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 29 ICF CS (1665 instances; 194 unique ICF categories after deduplication). Most instances related to activities and participation (40.7%) and environmental factors (30.6%), followed by body functions (27.3%) and body structures (1.4%). Key chapters included learning and applying knowledge, interpersonal interactions, support and relationships and services and policies.
conclusionsFindings highlight a shift towards a biopsychosocial model of child functioning, emphasising participation and environmental context. Results support use of the ICF framework in multidisciplinary assessment and policy development and inform development of a Portuguese National Functioning Table for Children. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024588533.
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