ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Dynamically Bonded MXene‑Composite Hydrogel via Confined‑Space Gelation for Multimodal Sensing, Photothermal Response and Human‑Machine Interaction.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Achieving synergistic optimization of the hydrogel network through proactive molecular-level design is key to developing flexible electronic materials that combine excellent mechanical, electrical, and multifunctional properties. Regarding this issue, we propose a "thermal activation-annealing synergy" preparation strategy, focusing on revealing the decisive influence of the environment on strengthening intermolecular chain interactions. Compared with an open atmosphere, the confined high-temperature and high-pressure environment greatly promotes effective collisions and hydrogen bond formation between polymer chains (the molecular simulation g(r) value increases nearly tenfold), thereby constructing a denser physical network. Consequently, by integrating the rigid network of κ-carrageenan, the reinforcement from dynamic borate ester bonds, and the conductive/photothermal functions of MXene, the κ-carrageenan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-MXene/borax (KPM-B) composite hydrogel is successfully prepared. This hydrogel exhibits high strength (compressive stress up to 2.4 MPa), high toughness (up to 567.3 kJ/m
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