Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42318654›Full record

ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2026

The risk of global Ebola virus spread is low: epidemiology of Ebola disease cases outside Africa, 1976 to May 2026.

Kevin van Zandvoort, Simon R Procter, James M Azam, Katharine Sherratt, Nicholas G Davies

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kevin van ZandvoortCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.
Simon R ProcterCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.
James M AzamCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.
Katharine SherrattCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.
Nicholas G DaviesCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Following the Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 2026, we reviewed all known Ebola disease cases outside Africa and found that intercontinental transmission risk remains low. We identified 28 confirmed epidemic-linked cases outside Africa; only four involved travellers with latent infection whose symptoms were detected after border screening. Excluding medically evacuated cases, the crude overall risk since 2000 was 0.17 Ebola disease cases outside Africa per 1,000 reported cases in Africa.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksEbolavirusHemorrhagic Fever, EbolaDemocratic Republic of the CongoGlobal HealthHumansTravelborder screeningBundibugyo virusEbola diseaseEbola virus transmissionentry screeninginternational infectious disease transmissiontravel restrictions

Identifiers

PMID42318654
PMCPMC13282593

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.