ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2026
Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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13 authors.
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Abstract
Poxvirus-based vectors provide a versatile cancer immunotherapy platform, enabling the expression of immunostimulatory molecules and cancer-specific antigens. While infections with pathogenic viruses are well known to modulate extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis and function, the extent to which therapeutic poxviral vectors influence EV secretion by immune cells and thereby affect therapeutic efficacy remains underexplored. In this study, we showed that poxviruses, including the clinically relevant Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), stimulate the secretion of small EVs (sEVs) containing viral proteins and immune-related signatures from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Using an engineered MVA vector, we demonstrated the transfer of virus-encoded therapeutic payloads to sEVs, including the model ovalbumin (OVA)-derived peptide SIINFEKL presented by the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and the immune activators interleukin-12 (IL-12) and CD40 ligand (CD40L). Depending on the isolation method, these sEVs stimulated SIINFEKL-specific CD8
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