ReviewBiomarker insights2026
Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.
Review in Biomarker insights, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones have a crucial impact on all physiological systems. Diagnosis of thyroid diseases using salivary biomarkers is an emerging discipline and requires consolidation of existing information. Aims: This systematic review is aimed at identifying and analyzing salivary biomarkers that are associated with thyroid diseases and evaluate their potential as diagnostic applicability as non-invasive indicators of thyroid dysfunction. Methodology: Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Google Scholar from date of inception to May 2025. Human observational studies, clinical trials, and diagnostic accuracy studies published in the English language, that related biomarkers in saliva to thyroid diseases were collected and analyzed for relevant information. The search resulted in 35 records, followed by PRISMA 2020 compliant screening which resulted in 9 records included for data synthesis. Data extraction, tabulation and Risk of Bias assessment was carried out by 2 independent reviewers. Results: Included studies suggest that FT3, amino acids, salivary metabolic profiling, glycan profiles, microbiome, and thyroid antibodies present in saliva could be putative and noninvasive biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic importance. Conclusion: Heterogeneity in study design and analytical techniques has limited definitive conclusions about said markers, necessitating future well-designed clinical studies for validation of these biomarkers for noninvasive thyroid screeing and diagnosis.
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