Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42318234›Full record

ReviewACS ES&T water2026

Microplastics as Emerging Cotracers in Groundwater Quality Assessments.

Barbara Zambelli, Emma Pemberton, Stefano Viaroli, Stefan Krause, Roberto Giannecchini, Viviana Re

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in ACS ES&T water, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Barbara ZambelliEarth Sciences Department, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Emma PembertonChief Scientist Group, Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Bristol BS1 5AH, U.K.
Stefano ViaroliEarth Sciences Department, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Stefan KrauseSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
Roberto GiannecchiniEarth Sciences Department, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Viviana ReEarth Sciences Department, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluates the feasibility of using microplastics (MPs) as cotracers within multitracer hydrogeological frameworks, alongside established tools such as water-stable isotopes, major and trace elements, and chemicals of emerging concern. Given that plastic production expanded globally only after the 1950s, MPs can serve as event markers delimiting recent recharge episodes or, when detected in older groundwater, as indicators of mixing or artificial recharge. MP properties including particle size, polymer type, shape, and density carry information about particulate transport dynamics and anthropogenic influence that dissolved tracers cannot provide. The utility of MPs as cotracers is particularly relevant in young groundwater systems directly connected to surface environments. Key limitations include contamination risks, the influence of artificial recharge on signal interpretation, and the cost and complexity of MP characterization. Integrating MP with hydrochemical and isotopic data sets, developing context-specific sampling protocols, and prioritizing open data sharing would advance this emerging methodological approach.

Identifiers

PMID42318234
PMCPMC13274488

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.