ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
The application value of quantitative analysis of orbital soft tissue parameters on plain CT scans in evaluating the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Using plain orbital computed tomography (CT) scan images, we quantitatively extracted indicators such as diameters, cross-sectional areas, volumes, and densities of intraorbital soft tissues to investigate the feasibility of these metrics for assessing inflammatory activity status in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods: This study retrospectively recruited 31 patients with active TAO, 46 with inactive TAO, and 46 normal controls between April 2022 and October 2025 (note: counts of inactive TAO patients and normal controls overlapped due to contralateral eye classification in TAO patients). Clinical and imaging data were collected, and eyes were stratified into three groups: 50 active TAO eyes, 79 inactive TAO eyes, and 87 normal eyes. Orbital CT scans and 3D image analysis (3D Slicer 5.7.0) were performed to measure exophthalmos, axial length, globe width, cross-sectional areas (CSA) of individual/total extraocular muscles (EOMs), lacrimal gland CSA/volume (LGV), optic nerve CSA, intraorbital fat thickness/volume (IOFV), and densities of lacrimal gland, vitreous, and intraorbital fat. Ratios of LGV, IOFV, lacrimal gland CSA, and total EOMs CSA (OM) to total orbital volume (TV)/CSA (TOA) were calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis Results: This study included 67 TAO patients (men:women = 35:32) with a 92.5% (62/67) bilateral involvement rate. Kruskal-Wallis Conclusions: The measurement of the CSA of the superior rectus muscle at 7 mm posterior to the orbital globe, the CSA of the medial rectus muscle, OM, Intraorbital fat density, and the OM/TOA ratio via plain CT scan serves as a reliable and feasible technical approach for evaluating disease activity in patients with TAO in primary ophthalmic healthcare institutions.
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