ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Health effects of black and blond tobacco: a comparative analysis on smoking-related diseases with emphasis on bronchitis and COPD.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: There is ample scientific evidence to support that tobacco consumption is associated with diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and cancer. However, few studies have compared the harm caused by different types of tobacco, such as black and blond tobacco (BlaT, BloT). Objective: This study aims to search for the potential links between type of tobacco, dosage, tobacco consumption time, and disease. Methods: A longitudinal retrospective case-control study (163:162) was conducted using clinical histories and telephone interviews. Disproportions (prevalence, OR, and crude OR), dose and years of smoking (ANOVA), and strata (tobacco type, dose, and time) (Reg. Log. Bin. Cox) were used. Results: A significant correlation was discovered between smoking, type of tobacco, and disease, particularly for COPD. The OR for BlaT/non-smokers was 64.62 and for BloT/non-smokers was 26.44. When stratified by tobacco type, the crude OR for BlaT was 8.38 for COPD, 7.82 for bronchitis, and 2.25 for cancer. Cox R analysis revealed a dose-response relationship between smoking and time, with BlaT having Cox R values of 88.41 for COPD and 3.95 for cancer. Conclusion: The main conclusion is that while all types of tobacco are harmful, BlaT is even more harmful than BloT.
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