Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317964›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in infectious disease

Treatment gaps and risk factors for multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in Belize: a 6-year (2018-2023) nationwide retrospective analysis.

Innocent Nwachukwu, Camryn Linares, Griseidy Alcoser, Nivi Novelo, Danladi C Husaini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Innocent NwachukwuDepartment of Allied Health (Medical Laboratory Science), Faculty of Health, University of Belize, Belmopan Central Campus, Belmopan, Belize, Central America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-7315
Camryn LinaresDepartment of Allied Health (Medical Laboratory Science), Faculty of Health, University of Belize, Belize, Central America.
Griseidy AlcoserDepartment of Allied Health (Medical Laboratory Science), Faculty of Health, University of Belize, Belize, Central America.
Nivi NoveloDepartment of Allied Health (Medical Laboratory Science), Faculty of Health, University of Belize, Belize, Central America.
Danladi C HusainiDepartment of Allied Health (Pharmacy and Public Health), Faculty of Health, University of Belize, Belmopan Central Campus, 340, Belize, Central America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-2873

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Objectives: To determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns, quantify multidrug resistance (MDR) in outpatient and inpatient settings, identify predictors of empirical treatment failure for urinary tract infections (UTIs), and analyze temporal and geographic trends. Design: Nationwide retrospective analysis of clinical isolates from Belize's public health system (2018-2023). Methods: We analyzed 4591 clinical isolates. MDR was defined as non-susceptibility to ⩾3 drug categories. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of the risk of empirical treatment failure for UTIs. Joinpoint regression analyzed temporal trends. Geospatial analysis mapped hotspots of incidence and resistance. Results: Conclusion: Belize faces a notable AMR crisis characterized by a high community burden of MDR Enterobacterales, a critical empirical treatment gap for UTIs, and accelerating resistance trends.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceBelizecommunity-acquired infectionsEnterobacteralesmultidrug resistance

Identifiers

PMID42317964
PMCPMC13272869

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.