ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Concentric Versus Delta Bipolar Probes for Intraneural Fascicle Selection: A Rabbit Model Study.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Bipolar stimulating probes are widely used during intraoperative monitoring in nerve surgery. However, there are no reports comparing different types of bipolar probes. We present the differences between 2 different bipolar probes (concentric and Delta) in a rabbit animal model for brachial plexus injury, focusing on their applicability for intraoperative neuromonitoring in peripheral nerve surgery. Methods: Using a previously described rabbit animal model, the biceps brachii muscle's compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded after stimulation with increasing intensities (ranging from 0.2 to 3 mV) of the middle and lower trunks using both concentric and Delta probes. The correlation between stimulus intensity and CMAP amplitude was studied, as well as interstimulus amplitude variability. Results: Five rabbit brachial plexuses were studied. CMAP amplitude ranged from 0 to 9 mV. No correlation was found between stimulus intensity and CMAP for the Delta probe (Spearman rank test Conclusions: Delta probes elicit highly reproducible, high-CMAP amplitude responses even with low-intensity stimuli. Concentric probes produce slightly less reproducible, progressively higher CMAP amplitudes with increasing stimulus intensities.
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