Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317441›Full record

ArticleOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2026

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against yellow fever virus using immunoinformatics approaches.

Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Asim, Tariq Aziz, Muhammad Toheed, Aroosa Athar, Muhammad Nouman Majeed, Ayaz Ali Khan, Maha Alharbi, Ashwag Shami, Maher S Alwethaynani and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Muhammad NaveedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad AsimDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0997-7630
Tariq AzizLaboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece.
Muhammad ToheedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Aroosa AtharDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Nouman MajeedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ayaz Ali KhanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-2620
Maha AlharbiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Ashwag ShamiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Maher S AlwethaynaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mai M AlmsaudDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fakhria A Al-JoufiDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to design and evaluated a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against yellow fever virus using immunoinformatics and computational approaches. Methods: The yellow fever virus envelope glycoprotein was selected as the target antigen. Antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic B-cell, MHC-I, and MHC-II epitopes were predicted and assembled into a vaccine construct using linkers and β-defensin-3 as an adjuvant. Structural modeling and validation were performed using AlphaFold3 and quality assessment tools. Molecular docking with TLR2 and TLR8 was conducted using ClusPro, followed by molecular dynamics simulations to assess structural stability. Disulfide engineering was applied to enhance rigidity, immune simulation was performed to predict host immune responses, and Results: Six conserved epitopes with strong antigenic potential were identified. The vaccine construct showed favorable docking interactions with TLR2 and TLR8, yielding ClusPro weighted interaction scores of -1105.52 and -1152.9, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed structural stability, supported by stable RMSD and compact radius of gyration profiles. Immune simulation indicated robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Conclusions: The designed multi-epitope vaccine showed promising immunogenic and structural properties, supporting its potential as a potential vaccine candidate against yellow fever virus. However, experimental validation through

Indexed as

immunoinformaticsmolecular dockingmolecular dynamics simulationmulti-epitope vaccinetoll-like receptorsyellow fever virus

Identifiers

PMID42317441
PMCPMC13274724

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.