Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317435›Full record

ArticleRegenerative biomaterials2026

Evaluation of bone formation within β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds in a sheep scapular bioreactor model using micro-computed tomography analysis.

D S Abdullah Al Maruf, Matt Darnell, Jiongyu Ren, Eva Tomaskovic-Crook, Kai Cheng, Will Lewin, Hedi V Kruse, Daniel Lawrence, Peilin Luo, Innes K Wise and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Regenerative biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

D S Abdullah Al MarufCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-4035
Matt DarnellIntegrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Jiongyu RenCentral Analytical Research Facility, Research Infrastructure, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
Eva Tomaskovic-CrookArto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Kai ChengRoyal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Will LewinArto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Hedi V KruseArto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Daniel LawrenceAustralian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, NSW 2519, Wollongong, Australia.
Peilin LuoIntegrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Innes K WiseLaboratory Animal Services, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Aditi GuptaCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
David LeinkramCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Timothy ManzieCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Krishnan ParthasarathiCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
James WykesCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-0453
Hubert LowCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Cate FroggattIntegrated Prosthetics and Reconstruction, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
David R McKenzieArto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Gordon WallaceNHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Applied Innovations in Oral Cancer, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Jeremy M CrookNHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Applied Innovations in Oral Cancer, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Jonathan R ClarkCentral Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Critical-sized bone defects in load-bearing regions remain a major clinical challenge. This study investigated how β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) scaffold pore size and stem cell source influence bone regeneration using a laser-sintered, plasma-treated polyetherketone (P-PEK) dual-chamber scapular bioreactor model in sheep. On the left scapula, selectively polymerized βTCP (SP-βTCP) scaffolds with two pore sizes were implanted for 16 weeks: a Large Pore design (1.875-mm unit cell; 0.93-mm pore) and a Small Pore design (1.5-mm unit cell; 0.66-mm pore). Adjacent Large Pore scaffolds were loaded with either gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) alone or GelMA encapsulating autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). On the right scapula, Large Pore scaffolds containing GelMA-encapsulated autologous or allogeneic ADSCs were implanted for 12 weeks. Bone formation was quantified by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and validated by resin-embedded histology. Small Pore scaffolds generated greater bone volume than Large Pore scaffolds. Autologous ADSC-laden scaffolds outperformed GelMA-only controls, particularly in lower bioreactors interfacing with native bone. No significant differences were detected between autologous and allogeneic ADSCs. Histology confirmed bioreactor-dependent variation, with lower bone-contacting chambers consistently producing more mineralized tissue. These findings highlight the interplay among scaffold architecture, cell source and anatomical niche in optimizing translational bone regeneration.

Indexed as

ADSCsbioreactor chambersbone regenerationovine modelSP-βTCP

Identifiers

PMID42317435
PMCPMC13275134

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.