ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2026
Establishment of a novel rat model of chronic subdural hematoma: Recapitulating human pathological features through triple-component induction.
Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel rat model of Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) that better recapitulates human pathophysiological mechanisms, enhancing clinical relevance for translational research. Materials and Methods: The CSDH model was established using a triple-component system comprising allogeneic venous blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Stereotaxic surgery involved subdural injection of the mixture (200 µL) via a microsyringe pump, followed by two additional injections at 72-hour intervals. Subsequently, systematic validation of the model was conducted. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9. All procedures adhered to ARRIVE guidelines and ethical approval. Results: The CSF-blood co-culture system generated mechanically stable, heterotypically remodeled clots with ultrastructural features mirroring human CSDH membranes. The optimized CSDH model exhibited crescent-shaped subdural hematomas on MRI, temporal concordance in VEGF/Ang-2/MMP-9 expression peaks (day 14), and progressive neurological recovery, closely recapitulating clinical-pathological progression. Conclusion: This study establishes a reproducible CSDH model combining progressive subdural injection and stereotaxic localization to recapitulate chronic hematoma dynamics, validated through quantitative morphological, inflammatory, and functional profiling, thereby providing a clinically faithful platform for mechanistic and therapeutic investigation.
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