ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Interleukin-15 correlates with cytotoxic immune networks in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) represents a localized manifestation of Methods: We performed integrated immune profiling of patients with CTL (n = 60) and non-tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy (CNTL; n = 44). Immune-gene expression was quantified in peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells by qPCR. Systems-level analyses including principal component and correlation-network approaches were used to define coordinated immune pathways. Serum IL-15 was measured by ELISA, and tissue localization of IL-15 and IL-15Rα was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: CTL was characterized by a structured cytotoxic immune program enriched for granulysin, granzyme B, perforin, IFN-γ, and CCL5. Network analysis identified IL-15 as a highly connected hub within this cytotoxic module in CTL. IL-15 transcripts were significantly elevated in both blood and lymph node compartments (p = 0.0003; p = 0.0007, respectively) and strongly correlated with cytotoxic effector genes. Circulating IL-15 concentrations were higher in CTL than CNTL (p < 0.0001) and increased with GeneXpert-defined bacillary burden (AUC 0.73). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression within CD68 Conclusions: These findings identify IL-15 as a potential central organizer of cytotoxic immune pathways in CTL and highlight IL-15-linked immune signatures as biologically informative features of CTL immunopathogenesis.
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