Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42317209›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2026

Nicotine dependence and self-esteem among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Abdullah S Alsulayyim, Rami A Alyami, Abdulaziz S Al Sharifi, Ali Hakamy, Ali M Alasmari, Ziyad Alshehri, Fahad H Alahmadi, Saeed M Alghamdi, Mohammed A Almeshari, Abdulrhman S Alghamdi and 9 more

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Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Abdullah S AlsulayyimRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Rami A AlyamiRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz S Al SharifiRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Ali HakamyRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Ali M AlasmariRespiratory Therapy Department, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Ziyad AlshehriRespiratory Therapy Department, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad H AlahmadiRespiratory Therapy Department, College of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Saeed M AlghamdiClinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed A AlmeshariRehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrhman S AlghamdiRehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed M AlyamiRespiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Jaber S AlqahtaniDepartment of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Nowaf Y AlobaidiDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Bedor S AlkhathlanRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Khaled A AlqahtaniRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Hooriah H AlowiwiRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad H AlgharbiMedical Support Services, Royal Commission Health Services Program, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah A AlqarniDepartment of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulelah M AldhahirRespiratory Therapy Program, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNicotine dependence among university students remains a public health concern, and psychological factors such as self-esteem may influence dependence severity. Evidence among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to assess the relationship between nicotine dependence and self-esteem among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between 13 March and 16 September 2025, and included 1041 respiratory therapy students. Inclusion criteria were enrollment from the second academic year through the internship year; first-year students were excluded. Data were collected via an anonymous online survey assessing smoking history, nicotine dependence using the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), and self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with nicotine dependence.

resultsThe median FTND score was 5 (IQR: 3-6). Smoking duration was significantly associated with higher nicotine dependence in a dose-response pattern. Compared with students who smoked for less than one year, those with 1-5 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio, IRR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19; p=0.008), 6-10 years (IRR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27; p=0.006), and >10 years of smoking (IRR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07-1.60; p=0.009) had higher dependence scores. Higher self-esteem was independently associated with lower nicotine dependence, with each one-point increase in RSES score linked to a 3% reduction in FTND score (IRR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; p=0.011). No demographic or academic variables were significantly associated with nicotine dependence.

conclusionsNicotine dependence among respiratory therapy students is strongly related to smoking duration and self-esteem. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between selfe-steem and nicotine dependence and to determine whether psychosocial support could complement tobacco control efforts in university settings.

Indexed as

nicotine dependencerespiratory therapy studentsSaudi Arabiaselfesteemsmoking

Identifiers

PMID42317209
PMCPMC13274625

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.