ArticleSleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society2026
Hormonal contraceptives impair psychomotor vigilance task performance under sleep deprivation with stress induction.
Article in Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Study Objectives: Hormonal contraceptives (HC) have been shown to influence cognitive performance, yet their effects under conditions of sleep deprivation remain poorly understood. Consistent with prior research demonstrating greater fatigue among individuals using HC, we hypothesized that vigilant attention would be impaired among females using HC compared with males and females not using HC. Methods: Forty-eight participants (18-30 years; 23 females) underwent 28 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD) while completing serial stress tasks, psychomotor vigilance tasks (PVT), and providing salivary cortisol samples. Mixed-effects models were constructed with either PVT outcomes or cortisol reactivity as dependent variables, group (males, females not using HC, females using HC) time, and mood induction group as fixed effects, as well as a group-by-time interaction, and participant as a random effect. Results: Females using HC demonstrated significantly more PVT lapses (F(1,45) = 3.75; Conclusions: Use of HC was associated with greater attentional instability following TSD, reflected by increased lapses and reduced vigilance efficiency. These effects occurred independently of cortisol responses. Larger studies are needed to further characterize the cognitive effects of HC use under sleep loss and to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
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