Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42316909›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International AIDS Society2026

A Urine Tenofovir Point-of-Care Assay Facilitates Positive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Discussions Among People Living With HIV and Healthcare Providers-A Mixed-Methods Evaluation in Cape Town, South Africa.

Abenathi Mcinziba, Dillon T Wademan, Lario Viljoen, Hanlie Myburgh, Lauren Jennings, Zukiswa Nkantsu, Marije van Schalkwyk, Eric Decloedt, Monica Gandhi, Catherine Orrell and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Abenathi McinzibaDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-5505
Dillon T WademanDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lario ViljoenDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-6639
Hanlie MyburghDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lauren JenningsDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Zukiswa NkantsuDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Marije van SchalkwykDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Eric DecloedtDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Monica GandhiDivision of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.
Catherine OrrellDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-7475
Gert van ZylDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.
Graeme HoddinottDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Funding

Urine tenofovir point-of-care test to identify patients in need of ART adherence supportR01AI152119 · NIAID · STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY · PI GANDHI, MONICA, ORRELL, CATHERINE · 2020 to 2024
$1.7M
European Union through African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence (ARISE), implemented by African Academy of Sciences and supported by European Commission and African Union Commission DCI-PANAF/2020/420-028National Insitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 2R01AI143340NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152119US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and South African Medical Research Council through its US-SA Program for Collaborative Biomedical Research R01AI152119
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn South Africa, antiretroviral therapy adherence monitoring relies on self-reported adherence, which is prone to recall error, and only verified annually during blood viral load measurement. A novel urine tenofovir rapid assay (UTRA) is a low-cost point-of-care adherence support tool for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Nested in an effectiveness randomized trial, we aimed to understand the relative acceptability of adherence support experiences among PLHIV receiving the UTRA point-of-care adherence intervention versus standard of care.

methodsAll trial participants (n = 199) completed a brief, repeat-measures, quantitative acceptability questionnaire at months 3, 6 and 12. We also conducted longitudinal in-depth interviews with 25 PLHIV with three interactions per participant over 52 weeks-a total of 75 interviews. Interviewed PLHIV were purposively sampled for balance by arm, diversity in age and gender, rich-case sampling, and saturation. We also conducted once-off in-depth interviews with five healthcare providers administering the UTRA intervention. Data were collected between May 2022 and June 2024. Qualitative data analysis involved descriptive summaries of key emergent themes with illustrative case examples augmented by descriptive statistics from the questionnaires.

resultsParticipants in the intervention arm reported that being tested and informed about their adherence levels in real-time served as a reminder to take treatment consistently. The UTRA facilitated conversations between PLHIV and healthcare providers on how to overcome barriers to adherence. Participants in the control arm reported that they relied on relatives for adherence support and accountability because there is limited time for adherence discussions with healthcare providers. Healthcare providers reported that providing adherence counselling to PLHIV receiving standard of care was challenging because they relied on voluntary disclosure of adherence interruptions. PLHIV in the intervention arm reported more positive experiences of adherence support compared to those in the control arm, regardless of their adherence practices.

conclusionsA point-of-care adherence tool like the UTRA provides a much-needed platform for PLHIV and healthcare providers to discuss adherence practices and challenges. PLHIV preferred this style of adherence support compared to the standard of care.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug MonitoringHealth PersonnelHIV InfectionsMedication AdherencePoint-of-Care SystemsTenofovirAdherence InterventionsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRapid Diagnostic TestsSouth AfricaSurveys and QuestionnairesAnti-HIV AgentsTenofovirART adherencePLHIVpoint‐of‐carereal‐timetenofovirUTRA

Identifiers

PMID42316909
PMCPMC13279879

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.