ArticlePsychiatry investigation2026
Psychological Factors Applicable to App Development for Overcoming Problematic Smartphone Use: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveAs the importance of smartphones grows, so too do the negative side effects, such as mental health issues caused by problematic smartphone use. Therefore, to lay the foundation for developing apps that can address problematic smartphone use, we must clearly identify the psychological factors that influence it. To this end, we attempted to identify the psychological factors that influence problematic smartphone use using structural equation modeling.
methodsWe used data from 691 smartphone users (aged 20s to 50s) collected via an online survey from December 8, 2019, through January 17, 2020. We developed two research models based on anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, self-control, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted structural equation modeling using R to identify psychological factors that influence problematic smartphone use.
resultsAlthough anxiety and depressive symptoms showed a strong correlation, anxiety symptoms did not directly influence problematic smartphone use, but rather indirectly (mediated effect) through depressive symptoms. Additionally, the lower an individual's self-control, the more likely he or she is to be smartphone dependent. The higher the ADHD, the more problematic the smartphone use. In addition, we used single indicators of scales such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in structural equation model and confirmed good model fit.
conclusionWe presented major psychological factors to be considered in developing health applications to manage and control problematic smartphone use: anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, self-control, ADHD.
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