ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis and COVID-19 among patients with presumptive tuberculosis in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, while the overlap between TB and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in symptomatic patients has been less clearly described in routine clinical settings. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of TB and COVID-19 among presumptive TB patients in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
methodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted between April and August 2024, involved 242 presumptive TB patients attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt recruited using consecutive sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical-related, and behavioural/environmental data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, while TB and COVID-19 were assessed using Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF) assay and STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test, respectively. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses using GraphPad Prism 9, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
resultsTB was detected in 21.9% of participants; however, no participant tested positive for COVID-19, yielding a COVID-19 prevalence of 0.0%, and no case of TB/COVID-19 co-infection was identified. None of the sociodemographic characteristics examined was significantly associated with TB prevalence (p > 0.05). However, contact with someone with prolonged coughing (aOR: 5.41, 95% CI: 2.55-11.70; p < 0.0001) and HIV-positive status (aOR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.08-8.37; p = 0.0334) were significant determinants of TB infection. In addition, current smoking (aOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 1.74-15.70; p = 0.0031) and living in a densely populated area with limited ventilation (aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.29-6.12; p = 0.0086) independently predicted TB infection.
conclusionsTB remains a considerable burden among presumptive TB patients in this setting, whereas no COVID-19 or TB/COVID-19 co-infection was detected during the study period. TB risk was driven mainly by exposure-related, behavioural, clinical, and environmental factors rather than sociodemographic characteristics. Strengthening routine TB screening, contact investigation, bidirectional TB/HIV services, smoking-cessation support, and interventions addressing overcrowded, poorly ventilated living conditions may improve TB control in similar high-burden settings.
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