ArticleNPJ vaccines2026
Development of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine targeting tumor-associated antigens for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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19 authors.
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Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has limited treatment options post-immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance. We developed IPM514, a universal multi-epitope mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine targeting tumor-associated antigens identified via transcriptomic analysis of TCGA/GTEx datasets and validated in 132 ESCC patients. IPM514 contains 15 fragments from 9 antigens, covering most patients and over half of HLA subtypes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and ESCC patients stimulated with IPM514 effectively expanded specific T cells that exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against ESCC and other squamous cell carcinomas with similar antigen profiles. In HLA-transgenic mouse models, IPM514 suppressed tumor growth, extended survival, and provided durable protection. Importantly, combination therapy with PD-1 blockade augmented antitumor efficacy by promoting immune cell infiltration, upregulating antigen presentation pathways, and reprogramming the tumor microenvironment toward an anti-tumorigenic state. These results demonstrate IPM514 represents a promising novel mRNA vaccine strategy for improving ESCC immunotherapy.
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