ArticleScientific reports2026
Recycling pharmaceutical waste (vancomycin) as sustainable corrosion inhibition for API 5 L X60 carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid: a combined electrochemistry and theoretical study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Repurposing expired vancomycin drug as an effective corrosion inhibitor for API 5 L X60 carbon steel (X60-CS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The pharmaceutical drugs that have expired are included in this category; they are a waste type that is usually burned rather than recycled. It's interesting to note that certain drug compounds exhibit characteristics that prevent corrosion in a variety of metals and corrosive liquids. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate vancomycin based on concentration on X60-CS in acidic environments. A variety of techniques were employed to assess the corrosion-mitigating properties of vancomycin. To assess vancomycin's remarkable performance, we used extensive procedures, including weight loss (WL) and sophisticated electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). By increasing vancomycin concentration, the inhibition efficiency will increase. The outcomes are remarkable: 94.2% (weight loss), 92.3% (polarization), and 95.3% (EIS) were the best inhibitory efficiencies attained at 298 K. With a good fit, vancomycin follows the Langmuir isotherm. The data obtained for activation energy increased from (50.82-80.35 kJ mol⁻¹), providing physical adsorption mechanisms in the interaction of the vancomycin inhibitor with the X60-CS surface. PDP results indicate that the corrosion current density (I
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