Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42315522›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Electron-ion equilibration in superheated gold.

Travis D Griffin, Dirk O Gericke, Daniel Haden, Hae Ja Lee, Eric Galtier, Eric Cunningham, Dimitri Khaghani, Michael Larsen, Lennart Wollenweber, Ben Armentrout and 18 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Travis D GriffinDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA. travis.griffin@xfel.eu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9447-4301
Dirk O GerickeCentre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9004
Daniel HadenDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Hae Ja LeeSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-5637
Eric GaltierSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-285X
Eric CunninghamSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-4416
Dimitri KhaghaniSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-2310
Michael LarsenDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Lennart WollenweberEuropean XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany.
Ben ArmentroutSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Carson ConverySLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Karen AppelEuropean XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-2102
Gilliss DyerSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-9780
Luke B FletcherSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-7194
Sebastian GödeEuropean XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany.
J B HastingsSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Jeremy IratcabalDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-8980
Emma E McBrideSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-6126
Jacob MolinaDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Giulio MonacoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 8 - 35131, Padova, PD, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-6422
Landon MorrisonDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0354-9082
Hunter StramelDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Sameen YunusSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Ulf ZastrauEuropean XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-4449
Siegfried H GlenzerSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-0558
Gianluca GregoriUniversity of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0628
Bob NaglerSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-5736-7842
Thomas G WhiteDepartment of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA. tgwhite@unr.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-4240

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electron-ion equilibration dynamics in samples driven into superheated states with multi-eV electron temperatures represent a fundamental process in nonequilibrium physics. A clear picture of the evolving ion temperature is essential for understanding the strength of the electron-ion coupling. However, direct, model-independent measurements of the ion temperature in laser-irradiated samples have remained experimentally elusive. Using inelastic X-ray scattering with meV-resolution in gold samples, the ion response to ultrafast heating by the hot electrons can be resolved, quantifying the electron-ion equilibration dynamics. We report measurements revealing a strongly enhanced energy transfer rate compared to that in weakly excited gold. Moreover, we obtain a quasi-constant electron-ion coupling at the highly elevated electron temperatures. These results place new constraints on electron-ion energy transfer in warm dense matter and establish a path toward quantitative benchmarking of models for nonequilibrium dynamics.

Identifiers

PMID42315522
PMCPMC13415882

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.