Observational studyBMJ open ophthalmology2026
Long-term axial elongation in myopic children wearing DIMS spectacle lenses: an 8-to-10-year observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Progression with myopia control spectacles: identifying predictors of response to defocus incorporated multiple segment and highly aspherical lenslets spectacles in the French myopia cohort.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Eight-Year Post-Trial Outcomes of a Two-Year Clinical Trial of DIMS Spectacle Lenses.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimTo evaluate the long-term effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses in a long-term observational follow-up (>8 years) of an original randomised clinical trial cohort transitioning into late adolescence.
methodsThis observational post-trial study included 60 young adults (mean age: 19.97±1.64 years) from the original DIMS trial (baseline age: 8-13 years) followed for an average of 9.4±0.3 years. Longitudinal changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) were analysed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM) to compare rates of change during DIMS versus single vision (SV) wear periods. LMM predictions were benchmarked against an external meta-analysis for untreated Asian children.
resultsThe LMM revealed a significant treatment effect for DIMS on axial elongation (p=0.003), with a predicted 65% cumulative reduction versus modelled SV wear (0.44±0.11 mm vs 1.27±0.11 mm). Conversely, the LMM found no statistically significant effect on SER progression (p=0.83), despite predicting a large, clinically meaningful cumulative difference (DIMS: -0.57±0.32 D vs SV: -2.17±0.37 D). The LMM-predicted elongation for continuous DIMS wear was 76% lower than the external untreated norm.
conclusionsDIMS spectacle lens provides sustained slowing of axial elongation through late adolescence, yielding substantial benefits compared with modelled SV wear and external norms. However, this significant biological effect did not translate to a statistically significant refractive error effect in the LMM, possibly due to the low signal-to-noise ratio inherent to long-term autorefraction measurements and the lack of a contemporaneous, untreated single-vision control group. Further research should address this paradox between significant AL control and non-significant SER outcomes in long-term studies.
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