ArticleDrug and alcohol review2026
On the Label: Implementation of Health Warnings on Alcohol Products in 13 European Countries.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- On the Label: Implementation of Health Warnings on Alcohol Products in 13 European Countries.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAlcohol health warning labels are an important part of a comprehensive alcohol policy, but there is a lack of recent implementation data across Europe. This study examined the presence, content and format of health warnings across 13 European countries.
methodsStore audits were conducted across 32 stores in 23 cities. The sampled products were assessed for the presence, topic and format of health warnings.
resultsAmong the 1636 investigated products, 69.7% displayed health warnings. The most common topics were pregnancy (68.0%), drink-driving (21.4%) and age restrictions (16.6%), followed by responsible drinking messages (6.9%) and health harms due to alcohol use (0.3%). About one in four (26.7%) products contained a multi-topic warning. The majority of products featured only a pictogram (62.3%), while 6.7% included both pictogram and text, and 0.7% contained text only. Lithuania, France and the Netherlands had the highest proportions of products displaying at least one warning (above 90%). Proportions were lowest in Croatia, Poland, Slovenia and Greece (under 50% of products with health warnings). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsExisting warnings predominantly focus on messages relevant to at-risk population groups rather than on alcohol harms affecting the general population. The current implementation largely reflects the alcohol producers' voluntary commitments, although the highest implementation is found in countries with existing legislation. There is underutilised potential to inform Europeans about the health harms of alcohol through warning labels. Stronger regulatory approaches at the EU or Member State level could improve the quality of information provided directly to consumers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.