Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42313740›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

The validity and reliability of a biometrically accurate, photorealistic set of young adult body size scales based on 3D scans of White Europeans.

Bethany J Ridley, Piers L Cornelissen, Robin S S Kramer, Nadia Maalin, Sophie Mohamed, Martin J Tovée

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bethany J RidleyDepartment of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Piers L CornelissenDepartment of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Robin S S KramerSchool of Psychology, Sport Science and Wellbeing, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom.
Nadia MaalinDepartment of Psychology and Counselling, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-1658
Sophie MohamedAberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Martin J TovéeDepartment of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-4462

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Young adults are a high-risk group for weight-related health problems but are often overlooked in weight management intervention design. Validated visual tools that accurately depict body size are needed to improve communication and intervention strategies. This study validated innovative, photo-realistic, gender-specific body size scales of young adults (aged 18), created from 3D scans to depict systematic changes in adiposity. A total of 110 young adults (aged 18-25) completed two behavioural tasks: (1) estimating the relative size of the bodies and (2) ranking them in ascending order of weight. To assess reliability, participants repeated the tasks three days later. Participants accurately estimated relative body sizes and ranked the images in line with the systematic BMI changes across the scales. Test-retest analyses showed good to excellent reliability for both tasks. The young adult body size scales are anthropometrically accurate, reliable, and valid tools for body size estimation tasks. They provide a robust resource for research, clinical communication, and intervention design focused on young adults.

Indexed as

AnthropometryBody SizeImaging, Three-DimensionalAdolescentAdultBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsWhite PeopleYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID42313740
PMCPMC13278476

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.