Observational studyTelemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association2026
Variation in Telehealth Use in a National Home Test-to-Treat Program for Acute Respiratory Infections.
Observational study in Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHome test-to-treat (HTTT) programs deliver timely antiviral treatment for acute respiratory infections, including COVID-19 and influenza, through at-home testing and telehealth. Because access is often measured by visit occurrence, variation in how and when care is delivered may be overlooked. We hypothesized that telehealth access follows distinct process-based patterns.
methodsWe analyzed de-identified encounters from the national HTTT program (September 2023-July 2024); 6,213 of 8,160 eligible individuals remained after exclusions for missing data. Phenotypes were derived by k-means clustering of standardized variables capturing encounter timing, modality preference, process duration, and sociodemographic and digital access attributes. Ten-day surveys assessed symptom duration and health care utilization.
resultsThree phenotypes emerged: Delayed/Disrupted Access (
conclusionsTelehealth use in a national HTTT program formed distinct phenotypes defined by timing, modality, and care-process efficiency. Evaluating equity requires attention to how and when care is delivered, not simply whether it occurred.
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